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Clinical articles from New Zealand dry eye specialists — diagnosis, treatments, and what to expect at a specialist clinic.

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Patient wearing the Rexon-Eye mask during quantum molecular resonance treatment

Dry Eye

Rexon-Eye for dry eye: the electrotherapy option for stubborn, multifactorial dry eye

Rexon-Eye is a painless electrotherapy that works differently from heat-based devices. Here is what a 40-patient double-masked randomised trial found against placebo, what two uncontrolled mixed-type studies measured, and where tear production did not change.

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Tixel thermomechanical device used off-label for meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eye

Dry Eye

Tixel for dry eye: the thermomechanical treatment for stubborn meibomian gland dysfunction

Tixel is a newer thermomechanical treatment for meibomian gland dysfunction. Full-text review of a 40-patient uncontrolled pilot and a 21-person responders-only extension: the actual numbers, the settings, who paid, and why the studies cannot tell you your own odds.

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Patient undergoing LipiFlow thermal pulsation treatment for meibomian gland dysfunction

Dry Eye

LipiFlow for dry eye: what a single treatment can do for blocked oil glands

LipiFlow warms and clears blocked oil glands from inside the lid in one 12-minute session. Here is what a meta-analysis of ten randomised trials and a 200-person 12-month trial actually measured, with the numbers, side effects and the limits of the evidence.

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Patient undergoing intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment for meibomian gland dysfunction

Dry Eye

IPL for dry eye: what the evidence shows about treating the cause

Most dry eye is an oil-gland problem, and IPL targets that cause. Here is what two sham-controlled randomised trials found, in numbers: better tear stability and gland function, a smaller effect on symptoms, and what the short follow-up can't tell you.

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Patient receiving a staged dry eye treatment as part of a specialist management plan

Dry Eye

What a Dry Eye Treatment Plan Actually Looks Like

Dry eye is a chronic condition managed in stages, not a problem solved in a single appointment. How a specialist plan is structured — foundation care, in-office procedures, the lubricant ladder, prescribed medicines and nutrition — why each step should name the problem it is fixing, and what happens at review.

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Dry Eye

Lid Debridement, Gland Expression and Lacrimal Lavage: The In-Office Procedures Behind Dry Eye Care

Device treatments get the attention, but a great deal of dry eye care is done by hand. What lid debridement, meibomian gland expression, lacrimal lavage and Blephasteam moist-heat goggle therapy actually involve, what each one is for, and how they sequence alongside the technology.

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Prescribed eye drops and oral medicines used in the treatment of inflammatory dry eye

Dry Eye

Prescribed Medicines for Dry Eye: Steroids, Doxycycline and Azithromycin

Lubricants and lid hygiene are the foundation of dry eye care, but inflammation sometimes needs treating directly. What topical corticosteroids, oral doxycycline, oral azithromycin and anti-allergy medicines actually do, the doses used in New Zealand practice, why the low-dose antibiotics are not really being used as antibiotics, and the monitoring each one requires.

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ScoutPro osmolarity pen sampling tears from the lower lid margin to measure tear osmolarity

Dry Eye

Fluorescein, Lissamine Green and Tear Osmolarity: The Chemistry of a Dry Eye Diagnosis

Three of the most informative dry eye tests fit in a drop: fluorescein maps corneal damage and times tear break-up, lissamine green reveals the conjunctival and lid-wiper damage fluorescein misses, and ScoutPro osmolarity measures the saltiness of your tears — one of the most objective numbers in dry eye. What each test shows and what the results mean.

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Tear film imaging and meibography during a specialist dry eye assessment

Dry Eye

TearCheck and Meibography: Imaging Your Tear Film and Meibomian Glands

Modern dry eye clinics measure before they treat. What the TearCheck platform actually examines — tear film stability, tear volume, redness, blinking and inflammation risk — and why infrared meibography, which photographs the oil glands inside your lids, is the single most consequential image in the workup.

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Optometrist carrying out a structured dry eye workup

Dry Eye

How We Diagnose Dry Eye: Inside a Specialist Workup

Dry eye treatment is only as good as the diagnosis behind it. A walk through the full specialist workup — questionnaires, TearCheck tear-film analysis, ScoutPro osmolarity, vital-dye staining and meibomian gland imaging — and how each result steers the treatment plan.

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BlephEx micro-sponge debriding collarettes from the base of the eyelashes

Dry Eye

Demodex Blepharitis: The Lash Mites Behind Itchy Lids — and Where BlephEx Fits In

Demodex mites live in the lash follicles of most adults — and in overgrowth they cause a distinctive, stubborn blepharitis marked by collarettes at the lash roots. What the mites are, how we diagnose them at the slit lamp, why any treatment course must respect the mite's life cycle, and the honest role of BlephEx debridement alongside terpinen-4-ol and newer therapies.

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Patient receiving a light-based dry eye treatment with protective eye shields

Dry Eye

Which Dry Eye Treatment Is Right for You? LipiFlow, IPL, Tixel, Rexon-Eye and BlephEx Compared

The five in-clinic dry eye treatments compared side by side — what each actually does, which type of dry eye it suits, what a course looks like, and how a specialist decides. Written so you can walk into your assessment knowing what the options mean.

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Woman wiping a watering eye, a common symptom of meibomian gland dysfunction

Dry Eye

What Is Meibomian Gland Dysfunction? The Condition Behind Most Dry Eye

Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) underlies most dry eye — and it is the condition every treatment we offer is aimed at. What the meibomian glands do, why they block, why home remedies often fall short, and how each in-clinic treatment addresses a different part of the problem.

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Optometrist using the BlephEx handpiece to exfoliate a patient's lower lid margin

Dry Eye

BlephEx Microblepharoexfoliation for Blepharitis and Lid-Margin Disease

A plain-language, research-based overview of BlephEx microblepharoexfoliation — the in-office eyelid deep-cleaning procedure — how it removes lid-margin biofilm, where it fits in blepharitis and dry eye care, and what the trials actually show.

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Patient wearing the Rexon-Eye mask during quantum molecular resonance treatment

Dry Eye

Rexon-Eye Quantum Molecular Resonance Electrotherapy for Dry Eye Disease

A research-based overview of Rexon-Eye quantum molecular resonance (QMR) electrotherapy for dry eye disease — its proposed mechanism and the prospective clinical evidence across mixed-type dry eye.

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Patient undergoing E-Eye intense pulsed light treatment for meibomian gland dysfunction

Dry Eye

Intense Pulsed Light (Eswin) for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Evaporative Dry Eye

A research-based overview of intense pulsed light (IPL) for meibomian gland dysfunction and evaporative dry eye, delivered on the Eswin platform — its mechanisms and the randomised-trial and meta-analytic evidence.

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Tixel thermomechanical treatment being applied to the skin around the eyes

Dry Eye

Tixel 2 Thermomechanical Treatment for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Dry Eye

A research-based overview of the Tixel 2 thermomechanical device for meibomian gland dysfunction and evaporative dry eye — its mechanism and the prospective clinical evidence, including the Safir pilot trial.

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Patient undergoing LipiFlow vectored thermal pulsation treatment with the activator in place

Dry Eye

LipiFlow Vectored Thermal Pulsation for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

A research-based overview of LipiFlow vectored thermal pulsation for meibomian gland dysfunction — how it works, and what the randomised trials, meta-analyses and the American Academy of Ophthalmology assessment actually show.

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Range of preservative-free dry eye drops, gels and ointments including Hylo, Systane, TheraTears, NovaTears, Optimel and Viscotears

Dry Eye

The Dry Eye Drop Formulary: Chemical Composition and DEWS III-Based Use

A clinical formulary of the dry eye drops, gels and ointments available across Dry Eye Specialist Group member practices — each mapped by its chemical composition to its intended use under the TFOS DEWS III (2025) management framework.

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